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Spain

Rioja

66 000 ha under vine

Soils
Clay-limestone, ferrous clay and alluvium along the Ebro's terraces
Climate
Atlantic meets Mediterranean in the lee of the Sierra de Cantabria

On the map

Rioja — 66 000 haLanguedoc — 220 000 haBordeaux — 110 000 haSicily — 98 000 haVeneto — 96 000 haPuglia — 87 000 haSouthern Rhône — 66 000 haTuscany — 60 000 haLoire Valley — 57 000 haEmilia-Romagna — 50 000 haKakheti — 48 000 haSouth-West France — 45 000 haPiedmont — 43 000 haDouro — 43 000 haChampagne — 34 000 haAbruzzo — 33 000 haUtiel-Requena — 32 000 haBurgundy — 29 500 haProvence — 27 000 haSardinia — 27 000 haFriuli — 25 000 haRibera del Duero — 25 000 haPenedès — 25 000 haPfalz — 23 000 haCampania — 23 000 haAlentejo — 22 000 haMinho — 21 000 haRueda — 20 000 haDão — 20 000 haMarche — 16 000 haAlsace — 15 600 haBeaujolais — 13 500 haBurgenland — 13 000 haUmbria — 12 000 haCalabria — 9 000 haMosel — 8 800 haDalmatia — 8 000 haJerez — 7 000 haCyprus — 7 000 haAttica — 6 500 haFranken — 6 100 haCorsica — 6 000 haTokaj — 5 800 haAlto Adige — 5 600 haValais — 4 800 haNorthern Rhône — 4 400 haRías Baixas — 4 300 haNahe — 4 200 haSussex & Kent — 4 000 haRheingau — 3 200 haBierzo — 3 000 haNemea — 3 000 haSavoie — 2 200 haJura — 2 000 haPriorat — 2 000 haWachau — 1 350 haValdeorras — 1 300 haSantorini — 1 100 haNaoussa — 700 haMadeira — 450 haColares — 20 haRiojaLanguedocBordeauxSicilyVenetoPugliaSouthern RhôneTuscanyLoire ValleyEmilia-RomagnaKakhetiSouth-West FrancePiedmontDouroChampagneAbruzzoUtiel-RequenaBurgundyProvenceSardiniaFriuliRibera del DueroPenedèsPfalzCampaniaAlentejoMinhoRuedaDãoMarcheAlsaceBeaujolaisBurgenlandUmbriaCalabriaMoselDalmatiaJerezCyprusAtticaFrankenCorsicaTokajAlto AdigeValaisNorthern RhôneRías BaixasNaheSussex & KentRheingauBierzoNemeaSavoieJuraPrioratWachauValdeorrasSantoriniNaoussaMadeiraColares
Blob size ≈ vineyard area · approximate locations · coastlines from Natural Earth

The Ebro valley, sheltered from Atlantic rain by the Sierra de Cantabria and warmed by the Mediterranean up the river: a corridor made for the vine. The Camino de Santiago carried monks, pilgrims and vine-growing through it; the monastery of San Millán preserved some of the first written words of the Spanish language.

When oidium and then phylloxera ruined Bordeaux, its merchants crossed the Pyrenees and taught Rioja the barrique; bodegas rose around Haro's railway station — the Barrio de la Estación, still the densest cluster of great wineries in Spain. Tempranillo, aged long in American oak, made the classic style; in 1991 Rioja became Spain's first DOCa.

The vineyard

Indicative share of plantings

The wines

Rioja Red wine

Through time

Indicative presence index, 0–100Origins & Antiquity — 5The Monastic Middle Ages — 25Exploration & the Fortified Age — 25Classifications & the Golden Age — 55Phylloxera & the World Crises — 45The Modern & New World Era — 65Antiquity5500150017001875195065
Origins & Antiquity Antiquity The Monastic Middle Ages 500 Exploration & the Fortified Age 1500 Classifications & the Golden Age 1700 Phylloxera & the World Crises 1875 The Modern & New World Era 1950