Black grape

Pinot Meunier

Synonyms — Meunier, Schwarzriesling, Müllerrebe

Parentage — A chimeric mutation of Pinot Noir

  • red berries
  • cherry
  • brioche
  • white pepper
  • undergrowth
Budbreak
Late — a natural guard against spring frost
Maturity
First epoch; ripens earlier than Pinot Noir
Leaf
Medium, five-lobed; the young growth covered in a floury white down — the miller's dusting
Bunch
Small, cylindrical, compact
Berry
Small, spherical, blue-black with bloom; thin skin

A chimeric mutation of Pinot Noir, Meunier differs from its parent chiefly in its leaves, whose young growth is coated in a floury white down — hence "meunier", the miller, dusted with flour. Its layered genetics make it the hardier vine: it buds later, escaping the spring frosts of the Vallée de la Marne, and ripens earlier, an insurance against a cold autumn.

For that reason it long formed the workhorse third of Champagne's three grapes, planted across the cooler Marne valley where Chardonnay and Pinot Noir struggle. Blenders valued its supple fruit and early drinkability but rarely named it, and it spent generations uncredited on the label. A newer generation of growers has reclaimed it, bottling single-varietal Meunier that shows its frank red-berry warmth — a modest grape lately allowed a voice of its own.

In the blend

Share of this grape in a typical blend of each wine

Where it grows

Share of the region's vineyard planted with this grape

Family

Documented parentage — the nearer the ring, the closer the kinship

Pinot MeunierPinot MeunierPinot NoirPinot NoirAligotéAligotéChardonnayChardonnayGamayGamayMelon de BourgogneMelon de BourgognePinot GrisPinot GrisPinotagePinotageRomorantinRomorantinGouais BlancGouais BlancCinsaultCinsault
Dashed ties are mutations (the same variety, not a cross). Grey nodes are forebears without an article of their own.

Through time

Indicative presence index, 0–100Origins & Antiquity — 0The Monastic Middle Ages — 10Exploration & the Fortified Age — 20Classifications & the Golden Age — 30Phylloxera & the World Crises — 35The Modern & New World Era — 40Antiquity0500150017001875195040