Black grape

Zinfandel

Synonyms — Primitivo, Crljenak Kaštelanski, Tribidrag

Parentage — Identical to Puglia's Primitivo; both are Croatia's ancient Tribidrag

  • blackberry
  • raspberry jam
  • black pepper
  • dried fig
  • sweet anise
Budbreak
Early
Maturity
Second epoch, but staggered within the bunch
Leaf
Medium, orbicular, five lobes; dark green
Bunch
Medium to large, conical, winged, compact — prone to rot
Berry
Medium to large, spherical, purple-black; thin skin, ripening unevenly — green and raisined on one bunch

America's "mystery grape" arrived on the US East Coast in the 1820s, an unnamed vine from the Austrian imperial nursery collection, and went west with the Gold Rush to become California's own red. Its origins defied ampelographers for more than a century: DNA matched it to Puglia's Primitivo in 1994, and in 2001 both were traced to an ancient Croatian variety, Tribidrag, alias Crljenak Kaštelanski.

The wine is brambly, jammy and heady — blackberry, raspberry jam, pepper and fig — with alcohol that climbs as its uneven bunches raisin. California's peculiar treasure is its old vineyards: head-trained field blends planted in the 1880s still bear fruit, and their Zinfandel carries a depth no young planting imitates.

In the blend

Share of this grape in a typical blend of each wine

Where it grows

Share of the region's vineyard planted with this grape

Family

Documented parentage — the nearer the ring, the closer the kinship

ZinfandelZinfandelPlavac MaliPlavac MaliDobričićDobričić
Dashed ties are mutations (the same variety, not a cross). Grey nodes are forebears without an article of their own.
Closest relatives Plavac Mali Offspring

Through time

Indicative presence index, 0–100Origins & Antiquity — 0The Monastic Middle Ages — 10Exploration & the Fortified Age — 15Classifications & the Golden Age — 35Phylloxera & the World Crises — 40The Modern & New World Era — 55Antiquity0500150017001875195055